审美：美感具有普遍性 Aesthetic Judgments Behave Universally

康德谈到美感的普遍性。

如果我没有以私利或偏见来判断一件物体，那末我对它的美丽发表我的看法时，我的判断是‘自由/无约束’的。因为我的判断不被我的私利所影响，我有充足的理由相信，其他人如果同样的不被他们的私利所影响，他们也会做出相同的美丽结论。美感是普遍性的。

我们所讲的普遍性，与下列的两种情况是不同的：第一是如‘我爱蜜糖’之类的主观判断，因为它们不具，而我们也不期待它们具有普遍性。第二是如‘有糖的蜜糖是甜的’之类的客观判断。

美感的普遍性也是不能证明的，因为没有一个决定美感的准则。我们说我们喜欢一样东西，并不表示其他人也喜欢它。

审美不靠理性概念，而是靠知觉。所以康德说：美感非概念，令人得到普遍性的欢愉。

.

Kant talked about the Universality of aesthetic judgment.

If my judgment that an object is beautiful is independent of any private interest or prejudice of mine, then my judgment is 'free' when I express my view that an object is beautiful. Because no interest peculiar or private to me is influencing my judgment, I have every reason to believe that others, similarly free of their private interest, would arrive at the same conclusion of beautiful. The aesthetic judgment is universal.

This universality is distinguished first from the mere subjectivity of judgments such as 'I like honey' (because that is not at all universal, nor do we expect it to be); and second from the strict objectivity of judgments such as 'honey contains sugar and is sweet'.

Judgment of beauty cannot, despite it's universal validity, be proved: there are no rules by which someone can be compelled to judge that something is beautiful. For in claiming simply that one likes something, one does not claim that everyone else ought to like it too.

The aesthetic judgment does not rest on any concept, but rather upon feeling. Kant therefore concluded that the beautiful is that which, apart from a concept, pleases universally.