孔子这句话中的‘有’字，音义皆同‘又’字。古文句法，十有五，就是十又五，就是十五。孔子自称“十有五而有志于学”，为什么是十有五呢？
《白虎通-辟雍篇》说“古者所以年十五而入大学何？以为八岁毁齿，始有识知，入学学书计，七八十五阴阳备，故十五成童志明，入大学，学经术”。就是说，十五是成童之岁，心志坚明，正是入大学学经术之时。
问题在于《白虎通》是汉代成书，其说法未必可靠，而古代关于入大学的时间，各书讲法迥异。有认为是二十的，有认为是十六的。《内则》曰：“十年，出就外传，学书计。”《大戴礼记》则曰：“八岁出就外传。”《白虎通义》也说：“八岁学书计。”《尚书大传》中说：“二十入大学。”
再谈‘志’。《毛诗传》说：“诗者，志之所之，在心为志，发言为诗。”依此解释，‘志’就是心之所之，也就是一心趣向之意。
那么学的是什么呢？应该是学礼节，寻找为人的真理。《正义》引《尚书大传》“入大学，知君臣之仪，上下之位”之句，认为是大节大义。《论语》是记录孔子言行的，其大部分的内容都在讲应该怎样为人，因此这里的“学”应该指的是做人的道理。
那么学的是什么呢？应该是学礼节，寻找为人的真理。《正义》引《尚书大传》“入大学，知君臣之仪，上下之位”之句，认为是大节大义。《论语》是记录孔子言行的，其大部分的内容都在讲应该怎样为人，因此这里的“学”应该指的是做人的道理。
冯友兰认为学的是道。所谓“朝闻道，夕死可矣”（论语-里仁）。现在我们所说的学，是指增长知识，而道则指悟性的提高。
。
Confucius said: "At fifteen I set my heart on learning." By the time he was fifteen, Confucius had resolved to devote his energy to the pursuit of learning, and perhaps already in his heart of hearts; strived the noble spirit of reform and justice for all, the ideals which he was to champion throughout a lifetime of disillusionment.
Fung Yu Lan: The 'learning' which Confucius here refers to is not what we now would call learning. In the Analects, Confucius said: 'Set you heart on the Tao (Dao)'. (VII, 6) And again: 'To hear the Tao in the morning and then die at night, that would be all right.' (IV, 9) Here, Tao means the Way or Truth. It was this Tao which Confucius at fifteen set his heart upon learning. What we now call learning means the increase in our knowledge, but the Tao is that whereby we can elevate our mind.
。
Confucius said: "At fifteen I set my heart on learning." By the time he was fifteen, Confucius had resolved to devote his energy to the pursuit of learning, and perhaps already in his heart of hearts; strived the noble spirit of reform and justice for all, the ideals which he was to champion throughout a lifetime of disillusionment.
Fung Yu Lan: The 'learning' which Confucius here refers to is not what we now would call learning. In the Analects, Confucius said: 'Set you heart on the Tao (Dao)'. (VII, 6) And again: 'To hear the Tao in the morning and then die at night, that would be all right.' (IV, 9) Here, Tao means the Way or Truth. It was this Tao which Confucius at fifteen set his heart upon learning. What we now call learning means the increase in our knowledge, but the Tao is that whereby we can elevate our mind.
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment