王维：空山不见人 Wang Wei: Empty Mountain, No Man is Seen

王维是盛世唐朝重要诗人。他的诗主要描述自由、简单、平静、自然悠闲的人生，包含意味深长的美学思想。王维信佛，特别是禅学。他的美学思想受佛学影响很大，特别是南禅思想。
他的诗以简单悠闲景物和静山与河流为美的对象，展现它追求简单、出世、自由与自然人生，和外物与自身的理想和谐。
让我们看他这首杰作：鹿柴
空山不见人，但闻人语响。
返景入深林，复照青苔上。
树长深林加上日照青苔的景象应把自然之超逸具体化。至于为何如此，这就期望读者把隐藏在景象后的作者意向加以解码了。
这首诗有几组心像并排组成：空山与回音、复照与深山、青苔光与青苔、语声与青苔。这些并列心像互动而唤起源源不绝的象外之象和境外之境。
你可以想象王维坐在鹿柴中整日冥想，默察空与形（山）、无知（影）与智慧（光）、天与山、光线、青苔成长、人之现与隐之间的互动。
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Wang Wei (699-761) is a famous poet in the most prosperous age of Tang Dynasty whose poems mainly describe the free, simple, placid, and natural idyllic life, which contain profound aesthetic thoughts. Wang Wei believes in Buddhism and Chan philosophy in particular. His aesthetic thoughts have been influenced by Buddhism, especially by the South Chan philosophy.
His poetry, regarding the simple idyllic scenery and the quiet mountains and rivers as aesthetic objects, exhibits his pursuit of a simple, detached, free and natural life as well as an ideal harmony between the outside world and himself.
Let’s look at his master piece ‘Deer Park’:
Empty mountain, no man is seen,
Only heard are men's voices echoing;
The sunlight re-enters the deep wood,
Shining again on the green moss.
The scene of trees growing amidst hills with the sunlight shining on the moss is supposed to reify the notion of natural gracefulness. As to why this is so, readers are expected to decode the authorial intention lurking behind the scene by themselves.
This poem is built upon a number of imagery juxtapositions: the empty mountain and the echoing voices, the re-entering sunlight and the deep wood, the moss-shining sunlight and the green moss, and the voices and the moss. These imagery juxtapositions may interact to evoke unceasingly ‘image beyond image’ and ‘scene beyond scene.’
You can imagine Wang Wei sitting in day-long meditation in Deer Park observing the interplay between emptiness and form (the mountain), ignorance (shadows) and wisdom (light), sky and mountain, lights, the lowest mosses glowing, human presence and absence.