Tuesday, November 18, 2008

中国文字:书法的第一形式美 Chinese Characters: The Beautiful Primary Form of Chinese Calligraphy

我们注意到中国文字是书法的第一形式美。
通常说中国文字具有意、音、形三美。就是这形美吸引了书法家,使到他们中不少人以终身的精力来研究如何把美丽的文字优美的写好。
我们说中文字有美感是因为他们是以美感标准和原理来创造的。
就让我们看一些用来组成中国文字结构的重要原理吧。
匀称:文字的笔画可简单、可复杂、可粗、可细、可长、可短。它们要适当和相称地排列,令人感到均衡、相称和协调。
让就:指笔画在文字结构上的安排。主笔和副笔分清以协调。相同的,字的左右、上下、中间的笔画或组成部分位置要适当,这样才不会不得体。
平正:指横平竖直。就是说每字的中心要平衡和稳定,以使字平正。
中国传统美学的美源于自然。中国文字的制造的原理就是要体现自然之次序和纹理,和自然之平衡与协调。
难怪两千多年前,汉朝学者杨雄就说:‘书,心画也。’
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We have noted that Chinese characters are the primary form of Chinese Calligraphy.
The Chinese characters are said to possess beauty in sense, sound and form. It is the beautiful form that catches the attention of the Chinese calligraphers and many of them have spent their lifetime to study how this beautiful form can be beautifully executed.
It is said that the form of Chinese characters is aesthetically beautiful because the words are structured based on aesthetic rules and principles.
Let’s look at some of the important principles that are used to create the structure of Chinese characters.
Yunchen (匀称): The Chinese term yunchen means well proportioned. The strokes that form the characters can be simple or complicated, fat or lean, long or short. They must be suitably and proportionately arranged so as to give one a sense of good balance, fine proportion and harmony.
Rangjiu (让就): The Chinese term ranjiu means suitably positioned. This refers to structural arrangement of strokes of the character. A distinction between the principal stroke and the subordinate strokes is drawn so that they can be harmonized. Similarly, the left and right, top and bottom, and the central strokes or components that form the character must be positioned appropriately so that none of the component parts is out of place.
Pingzheng (平正): The Chinese term pingzheng means straight and even. This means the dash, or horizontal stroke is level, or flat; and the vertical stroke is upright. In other words, the centre of gravity of the character must be balanced and steady so that the form of the character will become level and even.
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In traditional Chinese aesthetics, beauty is rooted in nature. The form of Chinese characters is created based the principles that aim to embody the order and pattern of nature as well as the balance and harmony of the nature.
It is no wonder that Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), a Han dynasty scholar, said more than two thousand years ago that the Chinese characters are the picture of mind.

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