Friday, October 3, 2008

易经:六爻之动,三极之道也 Yijing: The Six Lines and Three Powers

易经说:六爻之动,三极之道也 。
什么是三极呢?三极就是天,地和人,而天地人正是华人的宇宙观。
天地有没有缺陷呢?当然有,不然我们就不会受苦受难了。所以人要为生存而奋斗。天地有缺陷,所以人生才有价值。
人生的价值就是要‘叁赞天地之化育’。叁赞就是弥补的意思,弥补天地的化育之不足。
再谈六爻。
我们都知道,易经讲的是阴阳之道,这就是庄子所说的:‘易以道阴阳’。
对华人来说,阴阳是重要的,老子说过:‘万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和。’
易经里,线代表阴阳爻。实线代表阳,虚线代表阴。上曰天,下曰地,中间就是人,各据二位置,共为六爻。所以天地人一动,就是六爻。六爻互动,这就是天地人之道了。
那个推行罢黜百家,独尊儒术的汉代儒者董仲舒总结说:天生之,地养之,人成之。
.
Yijing says: The movements which take place in the six lines (six places of the hexagram) show the course of the three powers in their perfect operations.
What are the three powers? They are Tian (heaven), Di (earth) and Ren (humanity), which we have noted that they form the Chinese view of a three-tier universe.
Is the universe (tian-di) perfect? Obviously, it is not and that is why we suffer so much in life. We also have to fight constantly for our survival.
Now, this is where the Chinese see the value in life, which is to be able to ‘assist the transforming and nourishing powers of Heaven and Earth.’ Our life becomes meaningful only because the world is imperfect.
What are the six lines of the hexagram in the Yijing?
As Zhuanzi said, ‘Yijing is to show the action of the Yin and Yang.’
The Chinese always view the Yin and Yang seriously. Laozi said: ‘The myriad things contain Yin and Yang as vital forces, which achieve harmony through their interactions.’
In Yijing, the solid line of the hexagram represents yang and the broken line Yin. Tian is at the top, Di at the bottom and Ren in the middle and each occupies two positions. When any or all of the six lines move and interact, the world and people must act and interact accordingly, and that is the Way of Tian, Di and Ren.
The Confucian scholar Dong Zhongshu who was responsible for establishing Confucianism as the theoretical foundation of the imperial state during the Han dynasty (206 BC - 221 AD) summarised: ‘Heaven gives birth to things and instils people with moral inclinations; Earth nourishes things and provides for their material needs; and Humanity completes or perfects all things by maintaining proper patterning (i.e., through rites and music).’

No comments: