Tuesday, October 21, 2008

书法的意义 The Meaning of Chinese Calligraphy


中国书法是中国过去四千年以来重要与特殊的中国文化特色。它是中华四艺之一。四艺就是琴棋书画。
书法被认为是最崇高的中华文化。但是什么使它成为艺术?
英语Calligraphy 意为好的书写。但中国书法不能只当做写汉字,或当作是使汉字变得好看的一种途径。
作为一门学问,它的内容丰富,包括了字体发展,技巧法则,书法历史,书家及他们的书法遗产,书法鉴赏。这门学问范围广泛。当然,在书法学习上,重点是放在线条、笔画的节奏和速度、及体势上。
中文由线条所组成。最简单的线就是点或横画:所谓一画。随着笔画增加和更多字的发明,书法可以进一步以书写方向、起笔和落笔方式、线条外形来表达。笔画的流动要达成平衡,以令人对字有平衡状态的感觉。
虽然有无限的可能性,一切皆起于一画。这就反映了中国人几千年来所形成的中心思想:宇宙始于太一。
所以书法并不只是书学中文的技巧,也是表达感情的艺术,它包含了书家的思想与感情。在华人的脑海里,写字与宇宙的生成平行,是左右生命原理的具体化。在这个思想体系里,就如宇宙太一从混沌中一蹴而成,整个天地人亦可以一画来象征。
书法亦如绘画。这里书家以中国文字来沟通精神世界。正如千人有千面,千人亦有千种书写法。通过形式媒介,用笔之法、表象、风格皆可把书家之完整伦理、性格、情感、审美感觉和文化修养,以书法来传达给读者,并以其震撼力和美之愉悦来感染他们。
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Chinese Calligraphy has been an important and unique feature of the Chinese culture for the past 4000 years. It is one of the four critical standards for Chinese literati. The four skills are: calligraphy (shu), painting (hua), playing on a stringed musical instrument (Qin) and a strategic board game (Qi).
It is regarded as the most sublime form of art in the Chinese culture. But what makes it an art?
Calligraphy literally means “good writing”. However, Chinese calligraphy cannot be defined as just “writing” Chinese characters. Neither can it be described as a way of making Chinese characters look “more beautiful”.
As a branch of learning it is rich in content, including the evolution of writing styles, development and rules of technique, history of calligraphy, calligraphers and their inheritance in art, and evaluation of calligraphy as a work of art. This branch of learning is wide ranging. However, in learning the skills, much attention has been given to line, rhythm and speed of stroke and aggressiveness in styles.
Chinese characters are made up of strokes. The simplest stroke is a dot “Dian 點” or a horizontal stroke Yi ‘一’ which means “one.” As the number of strokes increased in each character, the possibilities began to expand and numerous characters were invented, it can be further described by the direction in which they are written, their beginning and ending characteristics and their contour. The flow of the strokes should move in such a way that they achieve balance giving the characters the impression of a temporary equilibrium.
The possibilities are endless; nevertheless, they all start from the Oneness. This reflects the concept that the universe was created from an original ‘oneness’ – a central idea in Chinese thought as it developed over the centuries.
Calligraphy is therefore not only a practical technique for writing Chinese characters, but also an emotional form of art, as it carries the thoughts and feelings of the artist. In Chinese thought, the act of writing a character is seen as parallel to the universal process of creation, and an embodiment of the principles that govern all life. In this system of beliefs, just as the universe was created from primeval form in one single stroke, so it can be expressed in one stroke that signifies the whole of nature and humanity.
It is very much like painting. It uses Chinese characters to communicate the spiritual world of the artist. Just as one thousand persons will have as many faces, one thousand persons will have as many differences in handwriting. Through the medium of form, way of handling the brush, presentation, and style, calligraphy as a work of art conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, aesthetic feelings and culture of the artist to readers affecting them by the power of appeal and the joy of beauty.

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