Tuesday, January 20, 2009

现代科学:数学世界 Modern Science: The Mathematical World

文艺复兴带来了一件对现代哲学很重要的事情,那就是现代科学的诞生。在18世纪40年代以前,我们现在所谓的科学叫做‘自然哲学’。
现代科学的学说与理念的重点是,自然界是数学几何流形。
现代科学在伽利略(1564 – 1642)把数学应用于动力后就开始了。伽利略宣布哥白尼系统不只是数学模式,和地球其实是环绕太阳运行。这种‘新哲学’来自哲学家的象牙塔之外,开始对人们的日常生活产生影响。
亚里士多德的物理学里没有数学。现代物理学则除了数学外,什么都没有。这个改革来自伽利略。现在,科学如果用其他方式进行,那是不可想象的。
有了越来越精密的测量,科学快速的树立起理想的几何型世界,与感性世界并存。一个实际上是由想象中的目标所引导的方法,很快被当成现实;同时,自然被认为是数学性的。
数学把我们带入了一个‘勇敢新世界’,一个没有情感的世界。在这个世界里,一切都可以科学来解释。
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One thing that happened during the Renaissance that was of great importance for the later character of modern philosophy was the birth of modern science. Until the 1840's what we now call science was ‘natural philosophy’.
Of central importance to the theories and ideals of modern science is the idea that nature is a mathematic manifold.
The modern science thus began when Galileo (1564 – 1642) applied mathematics to motion. Galileo announced that the Copernican system was more than merely a mathematical model, and that the earth really moved around the sun. This 'new philosophy' had emerged from the ivory towers of philosophers, and started to make an impact on people's everyday lives.
There is no mathematics in Aristotle's Physics. There is nothing but mathematics in modern physics books. It was Galileo who made the change. It is inconceivable now that science could be done any other way.
With ever-increasing accuracy in measurement, science quickly erected an ideal world of geometric shapes parallel to the world of experience. What was in truth a method guided by a conceived goal soon came to be taken for reality, and nature was thought to be essentially mathematical.
Mathematics has brought us into ‘a brave new world’, a world without emotion, in which everything can be explained by science.

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