Saturday, February 7, 2009

中国书法何以能成为艺术?What Makes Chinese Calligraphy Possible?

我们注意到中国书法是汉字的第二形式,或者依王国维的说法,是古典优雅的艺术。
作为中国书法的第一形式,汉字是图画造型;它的构成元素结构地与和谐地与其他组成分子结合在一起。汉字也具可塑性,因为它可以不同的书体形式写出。
读过中国乐舞的人都会听过诗经《毛诗大序》所形容的诗与舞的关系:
‘诗者,志之所之也,在心为志,发言为诗,情动于中而形于言,言之不足,故嗟叹之,嗟叹之不足,故咏歌之,咏歌之不足,不知手之舞之足之蹈之也。’
这句话的意思是说,舞蹈呢,实在因为仅仅是说话还表明不了心意,嗟叹也不能充份的表达情感,甚至咏歌仍嫌不足,不知不觉中就手舞足蹈了。
相同的,这个比喻也适用于汉字与书法的关系。汉字原是用来表达思想与感情的。可是平淡书写并不足以表达感情的目的。所以,熟练的应用独特的中国毛笔与墨水可以把中文字转换为有生命的个体单位,拥有骨、筋、肌与血;这就允许书法家自由地展示他们的美学意象与艺术才能。
一个熟练的书法家在达成高度艺术意境时,能把观赏他的书法作品的观众带入深刻的世界观里。
中国毛笔与翰墨使书法可能成为一种艺术。
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We noted that Chinese calligraphy is the secondary form, or using Wang Guowei’s term, a fine art of classical elegance, of Chinese words and characters.
As the primary form of Chinese calligraphy, the Chinese character is a graphic composition, the elements of which are structurally and harmoniously integrated with all component parts. It is also malleable as it can be written in many forms.
Those who study the origin of Chinese music and dance would have heard of this quote from the Preface to Poetry that describes the relationship between song or poem and dance:
‘Song is where the mind is going to. In the heart, it is called "mind", spoken out, it is called "song". The motion is moved in the heart and takes shape in words; if words are not sufficient, sighing can be better; if sighing is not sufficient, songs can be better; if songs are still not sufficient, motions can be expressed with hands, by dancing, with feet, by springing.’
The same can be said about the relationship between Chinese characters and calligraphy. The Chinese words are supposed to express thinking and feeling. The plain writing is insufficient to achieve the objective of expressing the feeling fully. Therefore, skillful use of the unique Chinese brush and ink would be able to convert Chinese characters into life-units consisting of bone and muscles, fresh and blood, which would allow calligraphers to display their aesthetic imagination and artistic ability freely.
A highly skilled calligraphy master, in achieving deep artistic vision, may even be able to bring about great sense of worldview to the viewers of his calligraphic works.
It is clear that the Chinese brush and ink play a major part in making it a form of fine art.

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